The knee joint poorly constructed in terms of stability femur round, tibia flat. During knee arthroscopy, your surgeon inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into your knee joint. Mcl bursa is located at the level of the knee joint line between the superficial anddeepcomponents of the mcl, and is elongated in a vertical fashion. Pdf anatomy and physiology of knee stability researchgate. Patellar ligament or tendon patella tibial tuberosity directs force generated by quadriceps to the tibia stabilises the patellofemoral joint.
The knee is formed by the femur the thigh bone, the tibia the shin bone, and the patella the kneecap. It must be regarded as consisting of three articulations in one. Knee joint see online here besides the shoulder joint, the knee joint is one of the most complex capsuloligamentous structure systems of the human body. The bones are encased in a fibrous sheath called the capsule. It is formed where the femur thigh bone meets the tibia leg bone and the patella knee cap. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments. Knee joint largest synovial joint hinge joint ligaments associated with joint capsule. The knee joint may look like a simple joint, but it is actually one of the most complex.
Normal mr imaging anatomy of the knee saifuddin vohra, do, george arnold, md, shashin doshi, md, david marcantonio, md there are several keys to successfully interpreting mr imaging examinations. The synovial fluid which lubricates the knee joint is pushed anteriorly when the knee is in extension, posteriorly when the knee is flexed and in the semi flexed knee the fluid is under the least tension therefor being the most comfortable position if there is a joint effusion. The knee joint musculoskeletal, skeletal anatomyzone. The tibio femoral joint is divided into medial and lateral com partments. Its a hinge joint and the main movements you get at this joint are flexion and extension. This joint and at times the cuboideonavicular joint are the only joints of the ankle and foot complex that are syndesmosis joints, fibrous joints bound by ligaments but with no synovial membrane. The knee joint is made up of three bones and a variety of ligaments. Ligamentous injury grade 1 ankle sprain cause stretching of the ligament. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Ligamentous injury high ankle sprain the ligaments above the joint are also injured.
The function of intraarticular fibrocartilages, with special reference to the knee and inferior radioulnar joints. Basically, it consists of two condylar joints between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia, and a gliding joint, between the patella and th. The knee jointits functional anatomy and the mechanism of. The knee joint is the largest synovial joint in the body and its these articulations between the femur and the tibia and also between the patella and the femur its a hinge joint and the main movements you get at this joint are flexion and extension. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The ankle joint has greater ligamentous strength medially, with the continuous and extensive del. The ends of the femur and tibia and the undersurface of the patella are covered with a smooth glistening. The patella or kneecap, as it is commonly called is made of bone and sits in front of the knee. The knee joint is the largest synovial joint in the body and its these articulations between the femur and the tibia and also between the patella and the femur. The knees of football players come under enormous stress and. The knee joint is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae, and meniscus. The knee is a trochoginglymoid joint that derives its physiologic joint play and its typical rollinggliding mechanism of flexion and extension from its six degrees of freedom.
The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 646k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The kneejoint was formerly described as a ginglymus or hingejoint, but is really of a much more complicated character. Arthroscopy is used to diagnose and treat a wide range of knee problems. The knee joint load bearing force transmission locomotion proprioception. A ball at the top of the upper arm bone the humerus fits neatly into a socket, called the glenoid, which is. Therefore it plays a key role in every movement involving the stretching of the knee e. Learn anatomy physiology joints muscles knee with free interactive flashcards. Basically, it consists of two condylar joints between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia, and a gliding joint, between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures and physiological mechanism. The knee joint is a synovial joint that connects three bones. Procedure lift up the limb by holding the ankle with one hand to apply a valgus stress on the knee. Oblique popliteal ligament is continuation of the tendon of semimembraneous muscle crossing the posterior knee joint. Initially, constructing a solid foundation consisting of a good understanding of basic mr imaging principles and imaging protocols as well as the.
The knee is the largest joint in the human body and a common source of athleticrelated injuries. Anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p this note covers the following topics. Injuries to the knee joint are amongst the most common in sporting activities and understanding the anatomy of the joint is fundamental in understanding any subsequent pathology. Good knowledge of anatomy is the most important prerequisite for. Functional anatomy of the knee and leg mary lloyd ireland, md acsm tpc feb. Mar 18, 2014 knee joint the knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. Any radiologist who wishes to understand meniscal disorders must possess a working knowledge of the anatomy and function of the knee joint, the most. The knee joint is the largest joint in the body, consisting of 4 bones and an extensive network of ligaments and muscles. The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments. The tibiofemoral joint allows transmission of body weight from the femur to the tibia while providing hingelike, sagittal plane joint rotation along with a small degree of tibial axial. Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and. General considerations of bones, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, joints, types of movement, description of selected joints, effects of aging on the joints.
Oct 11, 2016 3 bones meet at the knee joint, namely femur, tibia and fibula. Oct 18, 20 describe the radiographic features around the knee joint in posteroanterior and lateral views. To serve more readers get the book anatomy of the knee joint tibia epub, this site. The femoral nerve innervates all four muscular comonents. Any radiologist who wishes to understand meniscal disorders must possess a working knowledge of the anatomy and function of the knee joint, the most complicated joint in the body. Oblique popliteal ligament lateral epicondyle of femur medial condyle of. Normal mr imaging anatomy of the knee saifuddin vohra, do, george arnold, md, shashin doshi, md, david marcantonio, md. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. The tibiofemoral joint is an articulation between the tibia and the femur, while the patellofemoral joint is an articulation between the patella and the femur. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some time while playing football. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. Describe the radiographic features around the knee joint in posteroanterior and lateral views.
In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments and neurovascular supply. During flexionextension, the knee acts as a hinge joint, whereby the articular surfaces of the femur roll and glide over the tibial surface. Crim, provides detailed anatomic views of each major joint of the lower extremity. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane. Knee check the superior tibiofibular joint for joint effusion and paraarticular ganglia by means of axial and coronal us images obtained over the anterior aspect of the fibular head. Saunders from the department of anatomy, university of california medical school, san francisco. They are found wherever skin, muscle, or tendon rubs against bone.
The knee is a trochoginglymoid joint that derives its physiologic joint play and its typical rollinggliding mechanism of flexion and extension from its six degrees of freedom three in translation and three in rotation. May 15, 2020 the quadriceps femoris is the only extensor of the knee joint. The knee joint was formerly described as a ginglymus or hinge joint, but is really of a much more complicated character. This chapter covers many aspects of joint anatomy, histology, and cell biology. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Grade 2 ankle sprain more severe partial tearing of the ligament. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. Knee arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that allows doctors to view the knee joint without making a large incision cut through the skin and other soft tissues. Download anatomy of the knee joint tibia pdf lysimachoskeshawn. It is a complex hinge joint composed of two articulations.
A needle is inserted into the joint space inside the knee, and fluid is drawn out. In addition it keeps the knee from buckling when standing. The knee is usually viewed as consisting of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. There is one other bone called the patella, it covers the anterior surface of the joint. Stabilses the knee prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur limits lateral rotation of tibia. Knee joint bursae many bursae are related to the knee joint. The ligaments of the knee maintain the stability of the knee. It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
The shoulder joint the shoulder is the most flexible join t in the body mak ing it the most susceptible to instability and injury. Knee joint the knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. Anatomy knee joint cobourg collegiate institute 2 2015 lets begin with the basics of knee anatomy. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy physiology joints muscles knee flashcards on quizlet. Various forms of arthritis may be diagnosed through knee. Patellar ligament is continuation of the tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle. Scanning the posteromedial knee on transverse plan. Interpretation if there is rotatory instability due to acl deficiency, the knee can be. The knee joint is one of the largest and the most important joints in the body providing mobility and stability to the lower limbs.
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